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Health Warnings - Evidence

A review of evidence, including research papers, government reports, and other health warnings documents, on the effectiveness of text and pictorial health warnings from 2006-present are listed below:

Click here to access health warnings documents from 1979-2005

1. Government Consultation and Reports

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Product Packaging 2008 Full Report (Government Report)
Australia
2009

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Product Packaging 2008 Executive Summary (Government Report)
Australia
2009

FCTC Article 11 Tobacco Warning Labels: Evidence and Recommendations from the ITC project (ITC Report)
Canada
2009

Survey on Tobacco Analytic Report (Gallup Organisation - EC report)
European Union
2009

Health Warnings Report (German Cancer Research Centre Report) (German)
Germany
2009

Health Warnings on Tobacco Products Report (Government Report)
Brazil
2008

Consumer Research on the Size of Health Warning Messages (CDN Adults) (Government Report)

Canada

2008

Consumer Research on the Size of Health Warning Messages (CDN Youth) (Government Report)

Canada

2008

Health Canada Research on Warning Message Size 2008 (Highlights of Government Report)

Canada

2008

Labelling and Packaging in Brazil (WHO report - Cavalcante)
Brazil
2007

Canada's Tobacco Package Label or Warning System "Telling the Truth" about Tobacco Product Risks (WHO Report - Mahood)
Canada
2007

Testing of Bilingual Health Warning Notices for Tobacco Industry Print Advertising (Government Report)
Canada
2007

Testing of Mock-ups of Health Warning Messages and Warning Notices on Tobacco Product Advertisements for Smokeless Tobacco (Government Report)

Canada

2007

European Community Directive on Packaging and Labelling of Tobacco Products (WHO report - Joussens)
European Union
2007

Thailand Country Report on Labelling and Packaging (WHO Report - Chitanondh)

Thailand

2007

Consultation on the Introduction of Picture Warnings on Tobacco Packs (Government Report)

United Kingdom

2007

The Introduction of Picture Warnings on Tobacco Packs (Government Report)

United Kingdom

2007

Colour Photos on Tobacco Packages Experience in Other Countries (Government Report)

Netherlands

2007

Illustration-Based Health Information Messages Concept Testing (HC Government Report)
Canada
2006

Pictorial Health Warnings a Review of Research Evidence (Government Report)

New Zealand

2006

2. Research Papers

Impact on the Australian Quitline of New Graphic Cigarette Pack Warnings Including the Quitline Number (Tob Control - Miller et al.)

Australia

2009

Smokers Responses Toward Cigarette Pack Warning Labels in Predicting Quit Intention, Stage of Change, and Self-efficacy (Fathelrahman et al, Nic Tob Res)

Malaysia

2009

New Graphic Warnings Encourage Registrations With the Quitline (Tob Control, Li and Grigg)

New Zealand

2009

Do Graphic Health Warning Labels Have an Impact on Adolescents’ Smoking-related Beliefs and Behaviours? (Addiction - White et al.)

Australia

2008

Avoidance of Smoking: The Impact of Warning Labels in Brazil (Tobacco Control - Nascimento et al.)

Brazil

2008

Adolescents' Perceptions of Canadian Cigarette Package Warning Labels: Investigating the Effects of Message Framing (Health Commun - Goodall and Appiah)

Canada

2008

Potential Effectiveness of Health Warning Labels among Employees in Thailand(J Med Assoc Thai - Silpasuwan et al.)

Thailand

2008

Exploring the Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels: Findings from the United States and United Kingdom Arms of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey(International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing - Hassan et al.)

UK and USA

2008

Effects of Including a Graphic Warning Label in Advertisements...Persuasion and Policy (Jour of Appl Soc Psych - Stark et al.)
USA
2008

Text and Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Packages ITC-4 (Am J Prev Med - Hammond et al.)
Australia
2007

Smokers Reactions to Cigarette Package Warnings With Graphic Imagery and With Only Text Comparison Between Mex and Can (Salud Publ de Mexico - Thrasher et al.)

Canada
2007

Text and Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Packages ITC-4 study (Am Jour Prev Med - Hammond et al.)

Canada
2007

The Effectiveness of Text and Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Packages (Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie - Petersen, Lieder)(German)

Germany

2007

Estimating the Impact of Different Cigarette Package Warning Label Policies: The Auction Method (Addictive Behaviors - Thrasher et al.)

Mexico

2007

Visual Attention to Health Warnings in Tobacco Advertisements An Eye-Tracking Research Between Smokers and Nonsmokers (Studia Psychologica - Crespo et al.)

Spain

2007

Text and Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Packages ITC-4 Study (Am Jour Prev Med - Hammond et al.)

United Kingdom

2007

UK Government to Put Graphic Warnings on Tobacco Products (BMJ - Davis)

United Kingdom

2007

Text and Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Packages ITC-4 Study (Am Jour Prev Med - Hammond et al.)

USA

2007

The Impact and Acceptability of Canadian-style Cigarette Warning Labels Among U.S. Smokers and Nonsmokers (Nic and Tob Research - Peters et al.)

USA

2007

Worth More Than a Thousand Words Picture-Based Tobacco Warning Labels and Language Rights in the U.S. (Report - Browne et al.) (Spanish)

USA

2007

Worth More Than a Thousand Words Picture-Based Tobacco Warning Labels and Language Rights in the U.S (Report - Browne et al.)(Chinese)

USA

2007

Worth More Than a Thousand Words Picture-Based Tobacco Warning Labels and Language Rights in the U.S (Report - Browne et al.)(English)

USA

2007

Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels in Informing Smokers About the Risks of Smoking ITC-4 (Tobacco Control - Hammond et al.)
Australia
2006

Tobacco Industry Smoking Prevention Advertisements' Impact on Youth Motivation for Smoking in the Future

Australia

2006

Tobacco Industry Smoking Prevention Advertisements' Impact on Youth Motivation for Smoking in the Future

Australia

2006

Canada a New Angle on Packs (Tobacco Control - Hammond)
Canada
2006

Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels in Informing Smokers About The Risks of Smoking ITC-4 Study (Tobacco Control - Hammond et al.)
Canada
2006

Qualitative Testing of Health Warnings Messages (Government Report)
Canada
2006

Tobacco Denormalization and Industry Beliefs (Am Jour Prev Med - Hammond et al.)
Canada
2006

Warning Messages in Cigarettes Packages a Comparative Linguistic-Discursive (Report - Sabaj) (Spanish)

Chile

2006

Showing Leads to Doing Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels Are An Effective Public Health Policy (Eur Jour Publ Jealth editorial - Hammond)

European Union

2006

Response to Hammond et al. Showing Leads to Doing But Doing What The Need for Experimental Pilot-Testing (Editorial - Ruiter, Kok)

Netherlands

2006

Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels in Informing Smokers About the Risks of Smoking ITC-4 (Tobacco Control - Hammond et al.)

United Kingdom

2006

Tobacco Denormalization and Industry Beliefs Among Smokers from Four Countries (Am Jour of Prev Med - Hammond et al.)

United Kingdom

2006

Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels in Informing Smokers About the Risks of Smoking ITC-4 Study (Tob Control - Hammond et al.)

USA

2006

Reactions of Young Adult Smokers to Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages (Am Jour Prev Med - O'Hegarty et al.)

USA

2006

Tobacco Denormalization and Industry Beliefs Among Smokers from Four Countries (Am Jour Prev Med - Hammond et al.)

USA

2006

Why is Such a Smart Person Like You Smoking Using Self-Affirmation to Reduce Defensiveness... (Jour Appl Biobehavior Research - Dillard et al.)

USA

2006

Tests of Graphic Visuals and Cigarette Package Warning Combinations: Implications for the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (Jour Publ Policy and Marketing - Kees et al.)

USA

2006

Click here to access health warnings documents from 1979-2005

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